2025-07-18 19:40来源:本站
deadlock目录
deadlock
什么是死锁(deadlock)?
什么是“死锁”和“饥饿”
僵持不下 英语翻译
。
Introduction。
In the world of computer programming, especially in the realm of concurrent and multi-threaded applications, deadlock is a notorious foe that can silently disrupt the smooth flow of operations. This critical issue arises when two or more processes are waiting for each other to release resources, creating an impasse that prevents any further progress. In this article, we'll delve into what deadlocks are, why they occur, and how to mitigate their impact.。
What is Deadlock?。
A deadlock occurs when four conditions are met:。
Mutual Exclusion: Resources are held by processes in a way that prevents other processes from accessing them.。
Hold and Wait: A process holds at least one resource while waiting for additional ones held by another process.。
No Preemption: Resources cannot be forcibly taken away from a process once it has acquired them.。
Circular Wait: Each process is waiting for a resource held by another process in a loop.。
Causes and Symptoms。
Deadlocks often stem from poor resource management or incorrect synchronization between threads. Symptoms may include:。
Threads appear to be blocked indefinitely.。
System performance degrades, as resources remain unused.。
Applications hang, showing no response to user input.。
Preventing Deadlocks。
To avoid deadlocks, developers must follow certain best practices:。
Resource Ordering: Allocate resources in a consistent order to minimize the likelihood of circular waits.。
Resource Release on Failure: Ensure resources are released when a process encounters an error or completes its task.。
Timeouts and Deadlock Detection: Implement timeouts to break the deadlock cycle if a process doesn't release resources within a specified time link.。
Resource Semaphores: Use synchronization mechanisms like semaphores to control access to shared resources.。
Conclusion。
Deadlocks are a complex problem that can lead to severe consequences in concurrent programming. By understanding the root causes and applying appropriate preventive measures, developers can safeguard their applications from this silent killer. Regularly auditing your code for potential deadlock scenarios and investing in robust synchronization techniques is key to maintaining the reliability and efficiency of your multi-threaded systems.。
所谓死锁:指两个或两个以上的进程在执行过程中,因争夺资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去。
此时称系统处于死锁状态或系统产生了死锁,这些永远在互相等待的进程称为死锁进程。
由于资源占用是互斥的,当某个进程提出申请资源后,使得有关进程在无外力协助下,永远分配不到必需的资源而无法继续运行,这就产生了一种特殊现象死锁。
一种情形,此时执行程序中两个或多个线程发生永久堵塞(等待),每个线程都在等待被其他线程占用并堵塞了的资源。
例如,如果线程A锁住了记录1并等待记录2,而线程B锁住了记录2并等待记录1,这样两个线程就发生了死锁现象。
计算机系统中,如果系统的资源分配策略不当,更常见的可能是程序员写的程序有错误等,则会导致进程因竞争资源不当而产生死锁的现象。
排除方法:
1、撤消陷于死锁的全部进程;
2、逐个撤消陷于死锁的进程,直到死锁不存在;
3、从陷于死锁的进程中逐个强迫放弃所占用的资源,直至死锁消失;
4、从另外一些进程那里强行剥夺足够数量的资源分配给死锁进程,以解除死锁状态。
死锁(deadlock) 指的是两个或者两个以上的进程相互竞争系统资源,导致进程永久阻塞。
例如: 1、桌子上有慢慢一桌子的美食,但是只有一双筷子。
2、甲拿了一根,然后在找另一根。
3、乙拿了一根,然后也在找另一根。
4、因为他们都掌握了对方必需的资源,导致最后他们俩谁都吃不到美食。
饥饿(starvation) 指的是等待时间已经影响到进程运行,此时成为饥饿现象。
如果等待时间过长,导致进程使命已经没有意义时,称之为“饿死”。
例如: 1、小明要告诉妈妈明天开家长会。
2、小明妈妈因为工作太忙,在公司加班,没有回家。
3、于是第二天,小明的妈妈就错过了家长会。
(“饿死”) 4、其实小明的妈妈没有出现“死锁”。
只是小明的优先级过低,不如工作重要。
deadlock
名词
1 (U) [又作 a ~] (对立的双方势均力敌所造成的) 停滞,
停顿,僵持,僵局
in ~
僵持著,相持不下地
be at [come to] a ~
处于 [陷入] 僵持状态
bring a ~ to an end=break [resolve] a ~
打开僵局